PIONEER STRUCTURES
Hand tools and how to use them with wood,
were shown by Bill Whalley of Calvin Furniture
who uses pioneer methods to make furniture.

A vise holds wood still so we can
saw it into pieces. It protects hands
and makes it easier to be accurate.

All the cuts to make these shelves were
made with crosscut or rip saws. Planes
and sandpaper made them smooth.

This long saw is used by two men
each pulling in turn to cut down a tree.
One man alone would use a buck saw.

They used different glue then, but the
method is the same: hold it still
until it sets!


Here we see the finished products made by many small hands.
Students were invited to try some of the tools
and copy methods used by Pioneers.


TO CONTENTS 5